[TOEFL iBT] Danh sách từ vựng – Vần D

DEARTH

Scarcity – a dearth of news, brought about by censorship.

Antonyms: plethora, abundance

DEFERENCE

Submitting to the wishes or judgment of another – yielded out of deference to the old man.

Synonyms: respect, complaisance, veneration

Antonym: recalcitrance

DEITY

A god -The sun was a deity to ancient peoples.

Synonym: divinity

DELECTABLE

Very pleasing – a delectable meal, tastefully prepared.

DELETE

To erase or cancel, take out or remove – deletedan offensive phrase.

Synonyms: expunge, censor, efface, eradicate

DELINEATE

To sketch or portray – striking features, delineated by a master artist.

DELINQUENT

(noun): An offender – found to be a delinquent by the court.

(adj.): Failing to fulfill an obligation – too many people who are delinquent in meeting their civic duties.

Synonym: derelict

DELUGE

A great flood; downpour – a spring deluge which caused the river to overflow.

DEMAGOGUE

A leader who tries to stir the passions of people for his own purposes – the mob roused by an unprincipled demagogue.

DEMEANOR

Behavior; bearing – carrying himself with a proud demeanor.

Synonyms: deportment, mien

DEMURE

Affectedly or falsely modest or prim; serious demure as a Victorian maiden.

Synonyms: sedate, staid, decorous, prudish, coy

Antonyms: immodest, frivolous

DENOUNCE

(noun: DENUNCIATION): To speak against – denounced by the press as a traitor.

Synonyms: stigmatize, censure, reprehend, castigate

Antonyms: laud, eulogize

DEPLETE

To empty or to use up – depleted the public treasury by vast building programs.

Synonyms: exhaust, drain

Antonyms: replenish; (adj.) replete

DEPLORE

To express sorrow or grief over – a lamentable situation deplored by all parties.

Synonyms: lament, decry, grieve

DEPRAVED

Of low morals; corrupt – a depraved mind, devising evil.

Synonyms: debased, wicked, vicious, perverted

DEPRECATE

To plead or argue against a certain course of action – deprecated the proposal severely.

Synonyms: remonstrate, protest, decry, expostulate

Antonym: sanction

DEPRECIATE

To belittle or speak slightingly of – depreciated John’s acting ability.

Synonyms: disparage, derogate (adj. derogatory)

Antonyms: enhance, magnify, extol, laud, eulogize

DEVASTATION

Widespread ruin – the city left in utter devastation by war.

Synonyms: destruction, desolation

DEVIOUS

(1) Winding; indirect – took a devious, rather than the direct way home.

Synonym: circuitous

(2) Straying from the right course – used devious means to attain his wicked ends.

Synonyms: crooked, erring

DEVOID

Lacking in; not possessing – a speech devoid of even a trace of ill-will.

Synonym: destitute

Antonyms: abounding, prevalent

DEVOUT

Devoted to religious observances – devout in his regularity of attendance at worship.

Synonyms: pious, religious

Antonym: impious

DICTUM

Art authoritative statement; a saying-an imperial dictum demanding instant compliance.

DIDACTIC

Designed to teach, imparting a lesson – a poem with a didactic purpose.

Synonym: pedagogical

DIFFIDENT

Lacking in self-confidence- too diffident to lead a group.

Synonyms: shy, timid, reserved, reticent, retiring

Antonyms: forward, aggressive

DILEMMA

A situation calling for a choice between two equally difficult alternatives; hence, a difficult or perplexing situation – faced with a dilemma defying solution.

Synonyms:predicament, quandary, plight

DILETTANTE

One who dabbles in the fine arts for amusement only and without concentrated study – a doctor by profession, a dilettante in art.

Synonyms:amateur, connoisseur

DISCONCERT

To confuse; to embarrass – disconcerted by his suspicious stare.

Synonyms:perturb, discomfit, discompose, abash, disquiet, fluster

DISCONSOLATE

Depressed; without hope or possibility of consolation – made disconsolate by abject poverty.

Synonyms:inconsolable, dejected

Antonyms:blithesome, carefree

DISCOURSE

To converse or talk; to discuss – discoursed at length on the rise of political parties.

DISCRETE

Separate – two discrete issues, totally unrelated.

DISCURSIVE

Rambling from one subject to another – a discursive letter, covering many topics.

Synonyms:desultory, digressive

DISPARITY

(adj.: DISPARATE): Inequality; difference in image, quantity, character, or rank – great disparity between promise and performance.

DISPASSIONATE

Free from feeling or partiality – coldly dispassionate as the chairman of the meeting

Synonyms:palm, impartial

Antonym:partial

DISPATCH

(verb): To do speedily; to send off – dispatched with remarkable promptness.

Synonym: expedite

(noun): A speedy performance; the sending off of something – done with all possible dispatch.

Synonyms: celerity, alacrity

DISPEL

To drive away; to scatter – dispelled a doubt that had lingered.

Synonyms:dissipate, disperse, diffuse

DISSENT

(noun: DISSENSION): To disagree; to differ in opinion – He dissented violently, rejecting compromise.

DISSOLUTE

Living loosely; unrestrained in conduct or morals – his life wasted by dissolute conduct.

Synonyms:debauched, dissipated, profligate

DISTRAUGHT

Mentally distressed; distracted – distraught by trials and tribulations.

Synonym: harassed

DIVERSE

(verb: DIVERSIFY; noun: DIVISIBILITY): Varied; different – two diverse characters; one candid, the other insincere.

Synonym: multifarious

DIVERTING

Entertaining – a diverting one of the most amusing I’ve ever seen.

DIVULGE

To make public or reveal – refused to divulge his source of information.

Synonyms: disclose, impart

DOGMATIC

Positive in expressing an opinion; asserting an opinion as though it were an undisputed fact – spoken dogmatically, as if the speaker considered himself infallible.

Synonyms: overbearing, opinionated, peremptory, dictatorial

DOLOROUS

Sorrowful; mournful – a dolorous song full of sorrow for past joys.

Synonyms: doleful, lugubrious, grievous

Antonyms: jocund, blithe, mirthful

DYNAMIC

Forceful – possessed dynamic energy, tireless and powerful.

Synonym: energetic

Antonyms: static, inert, dormant, torpid, sluggish, quiescent